Culture and health impacts

Hookah has deep cultural roots. It also has real health risks. Understanding both helps you make informed choices and protect your health.

An illustration of a hookah

What is hookah?

Hookah – also called a waterpipe, shisha or narghile – is a device for smoking flavoured tobacco through water.

  • Cultural roots: For hundreds of years, people in India, the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia have smoked hookah in social and ceremonial gatherings.

  • Modern use: Today, many people smoke hookah in cafés or lounges. The tobacco is often mixed with molasses, flavourings and glycerin. This creates a sweet-smelling smoke.

  • Important distinction: Modern recreational use is very different from its original cultural purpose.

Fast facts about hookah

1. Cultural background

  • Used traditionally in community gatherings or as a gesture of hospitality.
  • Often passed among elders and leaders during discussions.
  • Modern use often loses this context, making it mostly recreational.

2. How it works

  • Place flavoured tobacco in a bowl at the top.
  • Heat it with charcoal or an electric element.
  • Draw smoke through water, then inhale through a hose.
  • Disposable mouthpieces are often used in commercial spaces (but not always).

3. How much smoke you inhale

  • 1 hookah session = up to 90,000 mL of smoke.
  • 1 cigarette = about 600 mL.
  • Hookah smoke has nicotine, carbon monoxide and other toxins.
  • Water removes very little. Most harmful chemicals still get through.

4. Health impacts

  • Raises your risk of lung, mouth and throat cancers.
  • Hurts your heart, lungs and increases heart disease risk.
  • Can spread infections if sharing mouthpieces.
  • May cause carbon monoxide poisoning in rooms with poor airflow.

5. Common use today

  • Smoked mostly in social settings, often sharing mouthpieces.
  • Sessions last 45 to 60 minutes with steady inhaling.
  • Popular among young adults, often seen as safer than cigarettes.
  • Creates a false sense of safety. Many do not realize it’s tobacco use.

6. Clearing up myths

  • Myth: Water makes hookah safer. Fact: Most toxins still get through.
  • Myth: Herbal or “tobacco-free” shisha is safe. Fact: It still produces harmful smoke.
  • Myth: Occasional use is harmless. Fact: Even one session makes you inhale a lot of smoke.
  • Myth: Hookah is not addictive. Fact: It contains nicotine, which is addictive.
  • Myth: Fruity flavours make it gentler. Fact: Flavours mask the harm, they do not remove it.

Ready to quit?

Quitpath offers free coaching, support and quit aids to help you leave smoking – and nicotine – behind.